Which symptom combination is most characteristic of meningitis?

• A. Neck stiffness, photophobia, fever
• B. Chest pain, shortness of breath
• C. Abdominal pain, vomiting
• D. Joint pain, swelling

Answer: (A)

Meningitis causes irritation of the protective lining around the brain and spinal cord, so the most telling signs are tied to that irritation. Neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity) appears because the meninges resist movement of the neck. Photophobia happens because bright light aggravates the inflamed coverings around the brain. Fever is common with infection and often accompanies meningitis. When you see neck stiffness together with sensitivity to light and fever, it strongly points to meningitis compared with symptoms that suggest problems in the chest, abdomen, or joints. (Note: other signs like trouble with thinking or severe headache can also occur, and Kernig/Brudzinski signs may be checked on exam.)