In a single-rescuer adult CPR scenario, what is the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio?

• A. Fifteen compressions to two breaths
• B. Thirty compressions to one breath
• C. Twenty compressions to two breaths
• D. Thirty compressions to two breaths

Answer: (D)

In a single-rescuer adult CPR scenario, the priority is maintaining blood flow with quick, high-quality chest compressions and only brief interruptions for breaths. The standard approach is 30 compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute, followed by 2 rescue breaths. This 30:2 pattern optimizes perfusion pressure while still providing necessary ventilation, helping deliver oxygen to the brain and heart between cycles. Pauses after fewer compressions or after more breaths can reduce coronary and cerebral perfusion and are less effective. If an advanced airway is in place, you switch to continuous compressions with one breath about every 6 seconds, but without long interruptions. So, the recommended ratio for a single rescuer in adults is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.